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                    1 堭

                 2  No 6.

              2  0 2



























                       ᫠ 2000








      㫨 筮 ⨣ ⥫ -
稭.  ⮬  אַ ७ ᪮ 㫨 ॡ ᯥ-
쭮 .   ஢ ७ ᢥ-
 ⮤(ਬ, ⮤  ᪮. ப -
࠭ ⮤,  ᯮ騥 㣨 㤠७,  ..
㤠७,  १  ⮫訥 ⥫ ᮥ-
   த   楫.
       뢠 㣨 㤠   ᢮-
  ⥫ ⥫쭮 襩 . ᫥ 㤠
⥫ 稭 ,  祬 ᪮   ⮫쪮 ࠧ
 ᪮ 㫨,  ᪮쪮 ࠧ  㫨  
⥫. ( १      -
 ⢠ .) ᫨ ⥯  ࠢ⥫-
  ᪮ ⥫,     ᫨  ᪮-
  㫨.
      ⮤, ᭮  ⮩ , ⭮ ⮤
᪮  ⨫쭮 ⭨.


                _I. ⮤  ᪮.



1ਭ: ᪠ ⮢, 䠧 -
                1 ⨯ -2,   ᪠, ९ 
                1 ;   ᪨   宬   ⨯
                1-20, 1  ࠭ଠ  ⨯
                1.


     । ᪮   㫨 ᭮  ७
㣫,   ᯥ     㬠  ᪠,
ᠦ     ﭭ 㣫 ᪮-
 ,   ६ 室 㫥  宦 
⨬ ᪠.
      ६ t ,     ।  ᪮  V
ᯥ ஫ ﭨ

                           S = Vt                        (1)

        ६ t ᪨   㣮

                           7f0 = 7w0t                        (2)

 7w0 - 㣫 ᪮ 饭.  (1)  (2)

                               S7w
                          V =                       (3)
                                7f

      ᪮  ⮢ ந ५  -
 ᪠, ஡ ⢥ .  ᪨
ਢ        ⭮ 㣫 ᪮  
.

.
                           - 2 -


                     ᠭ ⠭.








     ᪠ ⮢ ९  ᭮ (8).

த⥫ ⠭      ஭⥩  (6).  
த⥫ ९ 稪 (5) 宬. த-
⥫     室  (11) ᮥ  
(4).  (4) ९  ᪠ (2).

                     믮 ࠡ.

     1. 孨᪨  ।  㫨.
     2. ਢ  饭    ⠡  
 ﭨ S  ﬨ ᪮,᫥ 祣 
몫砥.
     3.⥫쭮 㡥   ⮬,   ,  뫥⥢ 
⮢,     㬠  ᪮.  ந
५    ᪠.  ⢥ ஡ 㫥 
᪠,  ࠭讬  ୨  ⬥ -
ࠬ 0.
     4.த⥫ ਢ  饭, 祬 ᫮
⮢   (N) ॣ㫨 ࠭ଠ஬  -
 宬஬.  㣫 ᪮ 饭

                            7p0N7
                       7w0 = 7\\\\\\0                     (4)
                             30

     5.ந ५  騬 ᪠, ᫥ -
  몫砥. 祭 ⢥   ⬥-
 ࠬ 1.
     6.㭪 5   ࠧ N  S.   -
 S 室 ந ५   ᪠.
     7.᪨ ᢮     뢠  
 㣠  ⠪,  ⮡  ᮢ  業  業 ⢥⨩,
⬥祭 ன 0. ⥬  ࢮ ᪠  ன ७-
 業 ⢥⨩,  ஡  ࢮ ᪥. 祭
窨 ⬥ ࠬ 1,2,3  ..    ᮮ⢥-
騥 㣫. 祭 窨 ᮥ  業஬ ண
᪠ ⠪,   窨 1,2,3.
     8.   㣫  㣫  ᪮  -
, ஥ ॡ 㫥  宦 ﭨ S,
 ⠭  (3) 祭  㣫  ࠤ,  ⠪-
 祭  (4)  稭 S 稫 ᪮ 㫨

                        65o0 N4i0 S
                    v = 7\\\\\\\0                         (3)
                          7f4i

   (7 /030 = 65o0)
.
                           - 3 -


        ⠡ 1.

                                                 1.

  Ŀ
         S      N                   V          V     
  Ĵ
              Ĵ           
              Ĵ           
     Ĵ
              Ĵ           
              Ĵ           
  


                     _஫ .

      1.  । 筮 ᯥਬ.   
 筮 १⮢  ᪮  㫨    ᪮  饭
 ᪮,  ⮫騭 㬠,  ﭨ  ᪠? -
  ᯮᮡ  ᯥਬ⠫쭮  ஢ન  ﭨ  
 䠪஢.
      2. 業  譮  宬   ﭨ  -
  ७ ᪮ 㫨.



                _II. ᪨ ⭨.


1ਭ: ⨫ ᪨  ⭨,  客
                1  ⨢, ᥪ㭤, ⠡ -
                1, ᢥ⥫.



     ᪨ ⭨ ।⠢ ᮡ ⥫ ᮩ 
襭   񣪨  (.1).  ⭨ -
 ⠪,  ⮡ ᪮ 㫨 뫠 ࠢ ਧ⠫쭮
 אַ, 室饩 १ 業 殮 ⭨  ௥-
୮    饭.   ஭ ५  ⭨
, ⮬ , ஭ ,  ᢮ 砫
᪮  ६ ᮮ頥 ⭨  ,
  ⢨ ண  ⪫  ⨪쭮 
  㣮 7a0.
.
                           - 4 -

  10 mex06-1.pcx 70 75

            10















                           .2.
     ᬠਢ    㣨 㤠  ਬ
 ࠭  ⢠   ⥬ -
 - ⭨  :

                     mV400l = (ml520 + J)7w400                  (1)

      m  -    㫨,  V  -  ᪮  㫨   㤠,
l - ﭨ   饭 ⭨   業 殮-
   窨 㤠 㫨,  J -  樨 ⭨ -
⥫쭮  饭, 7w400 - 砫쭠 㣫 ᪮ -
⭨.
      ࠢ (1)    ࠦ   -
⢠    㫨  ⭮⥫쭮  饭  砫
㤠,  ࠢ  ࠦ   ⢠  
⭨      ᥢ襩   㫥 ⠪ ⭮⥫쭮
 饭 ᫥ 砭 㤠.
      㣮 ஭,  ਬ  , ந室饬 
⥬ ᫥ 㤠,  ࠭ ࣨ, 稬:

                14             2
                (J + ml520) 7w40 0= (M + m) gh             (2)
                2

 h - 稭  業 殮 ⭨ ᫥ 㤠-
. 稭   ।   ७  ⪫
⭨   ࠢ.
      .2. , 

                                         7a
                 h = l - lcos7a0 = 2lsin52 0             (3)
                                         2

      (2) ९ ⠪:

              14             27                    a
              (J + ml520) 7w400 = 2(M + m) glsin520       (4)
              2                                  2
 20 mex06-2.pcx 70 80
.
                           - 5 -


      ࠢ (4)        ࠦ  -
᪮ ࣨ       砭 㤠,  ࠢ
  ࠦ ⥭樠쭮 ࣨ ⥬   
⨦ 襣 ⪫ ⥬.  ࠢ (1),
 ⮬  ࠢ (4), 室:

                         7a
                    sin      ______________________
                         27     /0 g
            V400 = 2   7/0  (M + m)(J + ml520)     (5)
                        m7    ?0   l


     ਭ    ⥫⢮,  ࠧ -
⭨   ࠢ   , ..  -
  ᬠਢ  ⥬᪨,   ,
 ࠢ, ࠦ饥  ࠭  -
  室  ࠢ, ࠦ饥  ࠭-
 ⢠ .  ⮬    J = Ml520, ⮣-
 (5) ⥫쭮 頥,   室  ⥫쭮
㫥  । ᪮ V400  㫨
                             ____                    ____
            7a0     M + m7     /0 g               MQ7    /0 g
 V400 = 2sin  l 7  /0      V400 = 7  /0  (6)
            2       m     7?0   l                m  7?0   l
    稭  ⮩ 㫥 M,  m,7 a0,7 0l - 室  -
७,  Q = 2lsin7 a0/2 - ᬥ饭.


            tg7a0 =Q4i0 /(L + D/2) 7~0  sin7a ~ a

                     _믮 ࠡ

    1. ந   5 ५  襭.
    2.    ⠡ 2.
    3. 業 訡 ७.

                                                   2.
Ŀ
   N        M       m         Q       L         V     
Ĵ
                                                      
                                                      
                                                      
                                                      



                     _஫ .

     1. 㣨  㣨 ⮫.
     2.  ࠭  ⢠    -
⢠  堭᪮ ⥬.
     3.   ᫮    ᯮ짮  
࠭ ⢠    ࠡ( ⥬ -
-⭨)? ,   । ᫮ ࠢ-
  ࠭ ⮢ ⢠  室

                           - 6 -

  ࠭ ⢠ .

                        _.

     1.  .. ᪨ ᭮ 堭. ."㪠",
1971.
     2. 쥢 ..   饩 䨧..1.,  ."㪠",
1970.
     3. ᪨ ࠪ⨪.  堭  ୠ 䨧-
.  ।樥 ..஭. ."㪠", 1967.



                 _III. ⨫ ⭨.

        奬 ᯥਬ ࠦ  .3

              2










 







                           .3.

      m   襭,  ९  ভ,
     ஢  ࠧ ⨫ ⭨.
 㤠 㫨  襭 㣨,  । ᪮-
 V400 㫨 ᯮ㥬  ࠭  
 
            
                     mV400L = J7w0                           (1)

     L - ﭨ      饭 -
  (楫쭮 ﭨ),  J -  樨 ⭨,
7w0- 㣫 ᪮ ।⢥ ᫥ 㤠.
     । 7w 0ਬ  ࠭ ࣨ:

                       42
                      7Q4max7    w52
                     K40 =J                         (2)
                        2     2

 K -  祭 ஢ ,   7Q4max0- ᨬ
㣮  ⭨.

                           - 7 -

     (1)  (2) 砥
                                  4____
                                 7?0 KJ
                     V400 = 7Q4max 0* 40                  (3)
                                   mL

     ᯥਬ⠫쭮  । ᪮ 㫨 㤮
८ࠧ ᮮ⭮襭 (3) ⠪,  ⮡   室 -
।⢥ 塞   稭. ਮ 
᫠ 饣 ⨫쭮 ⭨  :

                             ______
                     T = 27p ?0 J/K                        (4)

     १, ᪫  稭 K, 稬

                          27p0   J
                     V400 =  7 Q4max
                           T   mL                        (5)

     樨 ⭨ ᮣ᭮ ⥮६  -⥩-
:
                                                         (6)
                      J = J400 + 2MR52

 2 -     ⭨  㧮,
R - ﭨ  業     㧮  
    饭.
     ⮬ (6) 㫠 (5) ਮ⠥ :

                         27p0   J400+ 2MR52
                    V400 =   7Q4max0              (7)
                          T      mL

    ᭨ ⥯,   ।  ࠡ祩 㫥  -
 稭 J400.   ⮣ 襬 ਮ  -
⭨  

                             _________
                            7/0 J400 + 2MR52
                    T = 27p /0  
                          7?0      K                 (8)

     ࠧ,     ﭨ R 業 -
 㧮    饭.
    ⠭    ஬ ﭨ R410   -
饭,   । ਮ  410 ⭨. -
⨬    㣮  R420  ᭮ ਬ ਮ -
 420 ⭨.   (.(8))

               _________420           4 0      4 0 _________42
              7/0 J400 + 2MR41 0                  7/0 J400 + 2MR42
     T410 = 27p /0            T420 = 27p /0  
            7?0      K            4 0         7?0      K

.
                           - 8 -


, ᪫   ࠢ , 室

                         42 2    2 2
                        R420T410 - R410T42
              J400 = 2M                     (9)
                          T42520 - T41520

     㬥襭 譮,  ன । -
稭 J40 0ﭨ R410  R420 ᫥  ⭮  ⫨-
     㣠.   ᥣ  R410   
 饭,  R420-  ᨬ쭮 ﭨ  . -
⠢ (9)  (7), 稬 ⥫ 

                                 42    2
                    47p0M7 Q4max0 T410(R420 - R410)
             V400 =               (10)
                       mL (T42520 - T41520)

     ࠧ,  ᪮ 㫨    ।  
  (10)     祭  m 㫨,   M
㧮  塞   祭 ਮ   T,
楫쭮  ﭨ  L,  ﭨ  R  㣫 ⪫
7Q4max0 ⭨.


                         _७


     1. ।_ .   㫨  m,  ஢ 訢 3-5
ࠧ.  7 D0m   m.
     2. ⠭      ﭨ R410 7~0 R4min0.  
⪫ ⭨7 Q0 =7 Q4max0,  ਮ  N410, 
楫쭮 ﭨ  L.         5 ࠧ,
 । 祭  譮  塞  -
稭.
     3. ⠭    ﭨ R420 7~0 R4max0.  ।-
 ਮ  420,     5 ࠧ. -
 譮 ७.

                                                    1
     _
     T410 =    ;   7D0T410 =      Ŀ
     _                       N  7Q4max0   T410   T420    L   
     T420 =    ;4 0 4 7D0T420 =                            
     _                      Ĵ
     L =     ;   7D0L =        1                        
     _                       2                        
     7Q4max7 0=7  0;   7DQ0 =       ...                       
                             5                        
                            

     4.  ᭮ ᯥਬ⠫ १⮢ ᫨
 㫥  (10)  ᪮   㫨 V400  業 -

 ७:
.
                           - 9 -


1.1
      7D0V7       DQ      D0T417     D0m7     D0L
     _. = _. + _. + _. + _.
      V407      Q4max      0T410      m      L
0

    5.  뢮 ࠦ (3) ।,  믮-
 ᫥騥 ᫮:
    1)  ⭨  騬, .. -
 ࣨ ⥬  ७   ࠢ  ᮬ -
⥫쭮 ࣨ ⭨;
    2) ६7 t0 㤠७ 㫨  ⭨   ࠢ
 ਮ 7 t0 <<T (᪨ ०).
    ⮬ 室 ᭨ ᯥ稢  믮
 ᫮   ୮ ⠭:

    1.⪫ ⭨    ࠢ,   㡥-
,   㤠   쭮  㬥-
.  ⥫쭮,     -
 筮  ਬ 祭    ࠬ  ⮩  
  (7)   ਢ  ⥬᪮ 譮 
। ᪮ 㫨.   譮    業.
 ⮣ ࠢ 䨪 ᨬ  -
    ⭨  ६.  १-
 祭 ᫥饥 ᮮ⭮襭  業 ⥬-
 譮

                            1
                  7DQ40 =  (7Q420 -7 Q410),
                            4

7 Q410 7 Q420 - ᮮ⢥⢥ 㣫 ࢮ   ண  -
쭮  ⪫  ⭨  ᫥    㫨.
᫨ 7Q417 07 Q42 0ᮢ  । 筮,   ன -
  㣮 ⪫7 Q0 ⭨,   7DQ40  ७-
     ࠢ.

70    2. 業 ਡ7 t0.
      t4n0  -  ,   ⭮⥫쭠 ᪮ 㫨
㬥蠥  ࠢ  砫쭮  n ࠧ.  筮
 祭 n (n > 10),  ,  t4n0  -
砥 7 t0.    業:

                          S40
                   7t0 7,0 n 
                          V40

      n = 10  ਢ ਡ S400  (㡨  -
  㫨      ⭨),   
業 7 t0 (믮 ࠢ⢠7 t0 <<T).


                   _譮 ७.

     - ࠡ 譮 ७ ᪮ ᭠鸞7 +0 1.5%
     - ࠡ 譮 ७ ६,   0.02%



                           - 10 -


                    _஫ .

     1.   짮 ਢ ⥮ਥ, ᫨ 㤠
㫨  襭 ந室  㣫, ⫨  אַ?
     2.      ।  ࠧ  ⥮
     ?
     3.    㤠  ⭨ ᫥ -
 ਮ T410  T420?
     4. 祬 室, ⮡  ਫ  襭?
     5. 㫨஢  ࠭   ⢠
  ⢠  堭᪮ ⥬.
     6.  ᯥਬ⠫ १⠬ 業  -
 ࣨ ⭨.
     7. 業,    ᪮ ࣨ 㫨  
㤠 室  ⥯.
     8.   뢠 ᪨?



                     _᮪ .

     1. .. , ...
        ࠪ⨪  䨧.  堭.,  .,   誮,
        1990.
     2. .. 娭
        騩  䨧. 1. 堭, ., 1989.
     3. .. ⫠, .. ᪨.
         䨧. ., 1989.
     4. .. 
        ᪨ ᭮ 堭., "㪠", 1971


